Fishplate



c. D. YOUNG FISHPLATE March 30 1926.

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 EN TOR.

Filed May 2, 1921 nliiil @Ilwl ll I l olllu lu d llxlll IIIIII AhVl lllll II lhPIIIlIL ATTORNEYS.

March 30,1926. 1,578,946

c. D. YOUNG FISHPLATE Filed May 2. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 N TOR.

INV

' A TTORNEYS.

H BY WMIM March 3o',1926. 1,578,946

- C. D. YOUNG FISHRLATE Filed May 2. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 30,1926. 7

c. D. YQUNG FISHPLATE Filed May 2,1921 s sheets-sheet 4 March 30 1926.

' c. D. YOUNG 5 Sifts-Sheet 5 vlllll.

ul l lHfl Illll I Filed May 2 1921 Patented Mar. 30, 192.6,

UNITED TATES CHARLES n. YOUNG, or PH LADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; I

FISHPLATE.

Application filed May 2, 1921. Serial l Io. 466,081.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES D. YOU G, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new'and' useful Improvements in Fishplates, of whichthe followingis a speci+ fication. j I My invention relates to fish plates or joint bars for railway construction, and comprises a novel and highly advantageous form or type of fish-plate. j.

In rail joints, the concentrated loadproduces. deflection and in standard forms of culties to whichend I providean improved bar so formed. or shaped as'to' distribute,

' I under deflection, the-effects of the load pro ducing such deflection throughouti'the' bar,- i. e. to distribute the fibre stresses longitudii nally of the bar approximately;uniform1y. Another object is to provide a 'joint bar in which maximum. strength is obtained with less metal than heretofore possible;

- In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view'of' a rail joint com prising one design of' fisl'i-plate'e'mbodying my' invention; Fig. 2 is a'corre'sponding elevation ;.Fig. 3 shows a cross section'through the middle of the joint, as indicated by the line 3-3 in F ig. 1, on -a;larger scale than that of'Fig. 1 Fig. 4 shows a cross section at the bolt hole-near oneend of the joint,

' taken as indicatedjby the line 4'4 Fig.

1,the bolt'being omitteldj; Figs'. -5,'6 and 7 show'cross sections through -one.of the fishplates, takenias indicated byithelines 59-5.

6-6, 7-7 in Fig. 1-; -Fig.- 5 -is a fragmentary 5 sectional view illustrating a detail, offthe invention; Fig. 8 is a plan view of a rail.

joint comprising a. modified'de'sign' of fishplate; Fig. 9 is *ac'orrespondingelevation; Figs. 10, 11 and 12 show" cross sections M thmgh i t afial etea aka; r s-in fish or joint bars the elfects of deflection are l 2 12 in Fig. 9; Figs. 13and 14 area plan iew and an elevation, respectively, of a joint comprising another modified design of fish plate; F igs. 15 and 16 show cross sections of the fish-plate, taken asindicated by the lines PATENT; OFFICE.

' dicated by the line 10%10, 1111, and I 1515 and 16-16 in Fig. 121; and-Fig. 17 is a cross sectional View illustrating a stage in the manufacture of the fish-plate shown in Figs. 13, 14., 15 and 1e; and Figs-18 and 19' illustrate the application of my invention to a compromise jointbar.

'Referringto Figs. 1 to 7,

generally, it will be seen that the gfishqjlate. or joint bar 20 i there shown comprises throughout. its length a web21'0f substantially uniform thickness and head 22 and a base23more or less enlarged. The head 22g-and the base 23 are Y beveled at top and bottom to the proper angle to adapt them for engagement between the'head 24 and the base or foot 25 of the rail 26. It will also be' observed thatthe mass and the width of the joint-bar head I 22 andbase 23 are greatestatthe middle-of the, bar'20, opposite the aldjacentend's of the joined rail lengths-and that at either side of the middle they diminish gradually to- 4 ward and substantially to its very ends. I

As'respects the head 22, the augmentation toward and at the middle of the bar20' takes place on both the'infner andthe outerifaces of the ban On the inner face, the enlargement takes the form of a progressive exaggeration of the trapezoidal-like swell 27 that extends-to the ends,.a-n increase of ,.base

length where this trapezoidal swell merges with the web 21, an increased steepness of inclinationfof. thelower end 28 of the trapezoid, andalsoan increase in the.

On the outer 1 height. or width of the trapezoid laterally with 'referencefto the rail. face, the enlargementfirst results in filling out (see Fig. 7 parent at 29 in Fig. 4i, and thentakes the form of a pronounced headed projection" or flange 30 (see Figs.,3, 5 and 6). This flange a' reduction clearly ap-.

mum of the swell 27, as indicated-by dotted 9 edge of the rail base 25, hen turns downtil ward as a hanging flange 33 (see Figs. 6, and 3), and then extends laterally outward again as shown at at. It will be seen, therefore, that the bar is of L beam orangle v bar configuration in the middle, Where its base has the Wide flange 33, and of I beai-n configuration and structural character at the ends, Where the rudimentary baseflange 32 becomes comparable in mass and Width to the corresponding swell on the rail side of the bar."

It will further be observed that althougl'i the variation in mass and Width of the bar head 22 and base 23 is just the same in the two halves of the bar 20, it is not uniform throughout either half. in each half, on the contrary, the increase is very gradual (and substantially uniform) from the extreme ends to the section line 77 (liig. 1) about at the second bolt hole, it then becomes progressively greater and greater till the section line 55 1} is reached; and thereafter it progressively becomes less 5 and'l'ess. About atthe third bolt hole from the endof the bar the head 22 becomes s uniform, but the base 23 still increases in mass and Width (as above described),

till the very middle of the bar is reached.

In a Word, the idth and mass of the bar and of" its head and base diminish gradually (though not uniformly)- froin' the middle to either side, and vertical dimensions' of the head tat both the inner and "the outer faees of the bar) also diminish in that manner; v I

The result of the variation of the bar section from end to end as illustrated and described is (with a correct design such as shown) to distribute the effects of the leadsubsta'ntially uniformly, throughout the length of the bar, i. e. localization of fibre stresses'is avoided and such stress, under deflection, is substantially uniform throughout the bar. Indeed, the variation of the bar section as illustrated and described secures substantially uniform distribution and intensity of the stresses in it both vertically and horizontally. For (to sinnmarize the Whole matter 1 briefly) the distribution of the metal in the bar corresponds to the forces brought to bear on variousportions of it in service. 1 r v h This distribution of the metal to the best advantagethroughout the length of the bar allows the bar to be made as light as-possible, thus reducing the and. momentum of the WllOlB'jOll'it when it rebounds after being depressed by elastic fieure of the rail 9y a passing'wheel, and minimizing the vibration and'the hammering effects.

Referring now to Figs; 8 to l2,' it Willbe seen that the modification shown consists mainly in a simplification as regards the variation in cross section, theiiihplat l0 has a head 41 of uniform width througlu out and a base 4% of uniform Width except in the middle third 43 of its length (roughly speaking), Where it is amplified outward (rather less g adually than. in Figs. i7) into a flange With hanging and outward-extension features about like those already de- The head e1 is of uniform Width scribed. throughout, as already stated; but its mass and vertical dimensions are a maximum at the middle, on both inner and outer faces,

diminishing gradually and nearly uniformly a head 51 that is unifo in in Width throughout and has verticaldimensions uniform at its middle '52 but diminishing gradually and uniformly at either side thereof (at 53) till its uniform ends 54: are reached. The enlarged portion 55 of the base is substantially uniform in Width and mass for a short distance at its middle,

It will be observed that in all these forms the fish-plate presents gradual and not abrupt changes of cross section and strength, and that in all the effective strength, stittness and maximum fibre-stress are substantially uniform, as abovestated, and Weight is likewise" minimized, because the strength is'substantially inproportion to the service stresses throughout.

fMy fish-plate of any of the forms shown may be manufactured in variety of Ways. In some cases, it may be rolled by means of rolls with grooves of varying depth and Width, eeccentrically grooved rolls. In other caseslespeci'ally the last form just described), itma-y be made by rolling the blanlrfirst vertically and then horizontally. Or, again, it may be made by rolling a continuous bar asshoivn in 17, cutting from this baria blank of proper weight, and

thenfinally bringing this to the desired finished shape shown in Figs. 1 3 to 16 by pressing in dies,--preferably in squeezing diesin; a slow-moving, heavy press ratherthan under a drop hammer. The line 60 indicates the; rolling .line, the surfaces being so dis; posed as to permit of rolling on this line.

It is als possible to forge or drop hammer bar-s embodying my invention.

- lVhe're the bar is forged or drop haminered, I prefer to for-m the met-a1 displaced for-the bolt holes into fillets, indicated at 61 in Fig. 5-, preferablyof such width as, to be ineluded'ivithin the projected area of; the eerresponding -bolt=- li ead, as shown, Besides strengthening the bars at the bolt holes where they would otherwise be weakened, these fillets permit of the use of squarenuts such as shown in said figure in place of hexagon nuts, which effects a great saving in. initial costs, besides which it is preferable for practical reasons to use the square instead of the hexagon nut. The diagonal of the square nut is so long that it would be impractical to use it in the absence of the fillets. It is also possible to form the spike V factory.

I claim: I a 1. A railway joint bar comprising a web with head and base adapted to engage between those of the rail, said bar being of L beam configuration at the middle and of I beam configuration at the ends.

2. A railway joint bar comprising a Web with head and base adapted to engage between those oftherail, said bar being of L beam configuration and maximum mass at the middle,- and gradually diminishing in. mass and changing to I beam configuration atthe ends. j I

3. A railway joint bar comprising a web with head and base adaptedto engage between those of the rail, said bar being of L beam configuration at the middle, with a signed my name.

hanging flange on its base, and of I beam:

configuration at the ends.

4. A railway joint vbar comprising a Web with head and base adapted to engage be tween those of the rail, said bar being of L beam configuration at the middle and of I beam configuration at the ends, and its head having at the rail side a swell of maximum mass and vertical dimension at the middle of the bar diminishing gradually in both respects eitherway therefrom.

, 5." A railway joint bar comprlsing a web withhead andbase adapted to engage ben tween those of the rail, said bar being of L beam configuration and maximum mass at y the middle and of I beam configuratlon at' the ends, and diminishing gra dually} at either sideof the middle substantially to either end, allin such wise that the effective strength ofthe'bar varies throughout its length to give substantially uniform fiber stress in service. 7 V

6. A railway joint bar comprising a web with head and base adapted to. engage between those of the rail, said bar being of maximum cross-sectionand mass at the middle and its head and base diminishing gradually at either side thereof substantially to its end, in such wise that the effective strength of the bar varies throughout its length to give substantially uniform fiber stress in service.

7. A railway joint bar provided with bolt openings and having the metaldisplaced to provide such openings formed into fillets adjacent the openings on a side of the plate. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto CHARLES i); YOUNG. 

